Added normalized background rate output in units ct/s/keV/arcmin2

README.md

@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
 # uplim
 
-test
-
-
 ART-XC upper limits django application
 
 ## Management commands
@@ -13,13 +10,16 @@ Allows to populate the database with data for a survey in healpix format. Takes
 
 Syntax: python manage.py load_survey --counts='*path_to_counts_map*' --exposure='*path_to_exposure_map*' --survey_number=*integer survey number* --batch_size=*number of pixels to insert in one transaction*
 
+- set_contaminated
+
+Load catalog.dat catalog into the database or update it. Set the contamination flag based on the catalog of sources (catalog.dat file). Includes a --reset option to reset the flag to False on all pixels.
+
+Syntax: python manage.py set_contaminated --catalog='*path to catalog.dat*' 
+
 ## Models (models.py)
 
-- Survey: 
-    - survey number
-
 - Pixel: 
-    - survey foreign key
+    - survey number
     - hpid (healpix pixel id)
     - counts
     - exposure
@@ -27,23 +27,23 @@ Syntax: python manage.py load_survey --counts='*path_to_counts_map*' --exposure=
 
 ## Views (views.py)
 
-**Before public deployment views providing direct pixel data should be altered to not include it in the response json.**
-
 - PixelAggregateView:
     For testing, outputs the aggregated data across specified surveys for a healpix pixel.
 
     Returns:
         Sum of counts and exposure over specified surveys for the specified pixel.
     
-    URL: /api/pixel-aggregate/?pixel=123&survey=1
+         /api/pixel-aggregate/?pixel=123&survey=1
+
          (/api/pixel-aggregate/?pixel=123&survey=1,3,5)
+
          (/api/pixel-aggregate/?pixel=123&survey=1-5)
 
 - UpperLimitView:
     The view providing upper limit calculation. 
 
     Returns:
-        Upper and lower limits in units of counts, count rate, and physical flux for Bayesian and classic approaches, as well as a count rate estimate and aperture photometry data (counts in the aperture, background estimate, etc).
+        Upper and lower limits in units of counts, count rate, and physical flux for Bayesian and classic approaches, as well as a count rate estimate and aperture photometry data (counts in the aperture, background estimate, etc). Also whether or not the apertures contain any pixels marked as contaminated, as well as a list of nearby sources.
 
     URL: /api/upper-limit/?ra=10.0&dec=10.0&cl=.95&survey=1 (or list 1,3,5 or hyphenated range 1-5).
 

management/commands/load_survey.py

@@ -1,22 +1,25 @@
 # uplim/management/commands/load_survey.py
 
 import numpy as np
+
 from astropy.io import fits
+from itertools import islice
+from datetime import datetime
 
 from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand
 from django.db import transaction
-from uplim.models import Pixel, Survey
+from uplim.models import Pixel
 from django.db.models import Max
 
-from itertools import islice
-
-from datetime import datetime
+from tqdm import tqdm
+import sys
 
 # DEFINE BATCH SIZE AND BATCH
 # **************************************************************
 
 # BATCH_SIZE = 1000000
 
+
 def batch(iterable, size):
     """
     Generator that yields successive chunks of size 'size' from 'iterable'.
@@ -29,8 +32,6 @@ def batch(iterable, size):
         yield chunk
 
 
-
-
 class Command(BaseCommand):
     help = "Process FITS files and store the data in the database"
 
@@ -39,40 +40,33 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
 
     def add_arguments(self, parser):
         parser.add_argument(
-            '--counts', 
-            type=str, 
-            required=True,
-            help='Path of the counts file'
+            "--counts", type=str, required=True, help="Path of the counts file"
         )
         parser.add_argument(
-            '--exposure', 
-            type=str, 
-            required=True,
-            help='Path of the exposure file'
+            "--exposure", type=str, required=True, help="Path of the exposure file"
         )
         parser.add_argument(
-            '--survey_number', 
+            "--survey_number",
             type=int,
             required=True,
-            help='Integer ID of the survey being read'
+            help="Integer ID of the survey being read",
         )
         parser.add_argument(
-            '--batch_size', 
+            "--batch_size",
             type=int,
-            required=True,
-            help='Integer number of pixels to be inserted into the database at once'
+            default=1000,
+            help="Integer number of pixels to be inserted into the database at once",
         )
 
-
     def handle(self, *args, **options):
 
         # GET FILENAMES FROM ARGUMENTS
         # **************************************************************
 
-        counts_file = options['counts']
-        exposure_file = options['exposure']
-        survey_number = options['survey_number']
-        BATCH_SIZE = options['batch_size']
+        counts_file = options["counts"]
+        exposure_file = options["exposure"]
+        survey_number = options["survey_number"]
+        BATCH_SIZE = options["batch_size"]
 
         self.stdout.write(f"\nCounts file:\t{counts_file}")
         self.stdout.write(f"Exposure file:\t{exposure_file}")
@@ -87,7 +81,6 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
 
         counts_data = counts_map.ravel()
 
-
         with fits.open(exposure_file) as hdul:
 
             column_name = "T"
@@ -104,53 +97,67 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
         total_pixels = counts_data.shape[0]
         self.stdout.write(f"\nTotal pixels to insert:\t{total_pixels}")
 
-        assert counts_data.shape == exposure_data.shape, "Counts and exposure maps must have the same shape"
+        assert (
+            counts_data.shape == exposure_data.shape
+        ), "Counts and exposure maps must have the same shape"
 
         # CREATE THE SURVEY IF IT DOES NOT EXIST
         # **************************************************************
 
-        with transaction.atomic():
+        # with transaction.atomic():
 
-            survey,created = Survey.objects.get_or_create(number=survey_number)
+        #     survey,created = Survey.objects.get_or_create(number=survey_number)
 
-            if created:
-                self.stdout.write(f"Created a new survey instance with number: {survey.number}")
-            else:
-                self.stdout.write(f"Using existing survey instance with the number: {survey.number}")
+        #     if created:
+        #         self.stdout.write(f"Created a new survey instance with number: {survey.number}")
+        #     else:
+        #         self.stdout.write(f"Using existing survey instance with the number: {survey.number}")
 
         # FETCH THE LAST PROCESSED HPID AND CONTINUE FROM IT
         # **************************************************************
 
         last_hpid = (
-            Pixel.objects
-                .filter(survey=survey)
-                .aggregate(max_hpid=Max('hpid'))['max_hpid']
+            Pixel.objects.filter(survey=survey_number).aggregate(max_hpid=Max("hpid"))[
+                "max_hpid"
+            ]
             or -1
         )
         start_index = last_hpid + 1
 
+        pixels_to_insert = total_pixels - start_index
+
+        if pixels_to_insert <= 0:
+            self.stdout.write("All pixels have already been inserted. Exiting.")
+
         pixel_generator = (
             Pixel(
                 hpid=i,
                 counts=int(count),
                 exposure=float(exposure),
-                survey=survey
+                survey=survey_number,
             )
             for i, (count, exposure) in enumerate(zip(counts_data, exposure_data))
             if i >= start_index
         )
 
-
         total_inserted = start_index
+
+        pbar = tqdm(
+            total=pixels_to_insert,
+            unit="pix",
+            desc=f"Survey {survey_number}",
+            # file=sys.stdout,
+        )
+
         # Process in batches
         for pixel_batch in batch(pixel_generator, BATCH_SIZE):
             with transaction.atomic():
                 Pixel.objects.bulk_create(pixel_batch)
-            total_inserted += len(pixel_batch)
-            percentage = total_inserted / total_pixels * 100
-            timestamp = datetime.now().strftime("%H:%M:%S")
-            self.stdout.write(
-                f"[{timestamp}] {percentage:.2f}% inserted"
-            )
+            # total_inserted += len(pixel_batch)
+            # percentage = total_inserted / total_pixels * 100
+            # timestamp = datetime.now().strftime("%H:%M:%S")
+            # self.stdout.write(f"[{timestamp}] {percentage:.2f}% inserted")
+            pbar.update(BATCH_SIZE)
 
-        self.stdout.write(f"Inserted a total of {total_inserted} pixels.")
+        pbar.close()
+        self.stdout.write(f"Done: Inserted a total of {total_inserted} pixels.")

management/commands/set_contaminated.py

@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+# uplim/management/commands/set_contaminated.py
+
+# add custom flux-radius mapping?
+# add specifying the columns?
+# do contamination setting per survey?
+# include nside for surveys?
+
+from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand
+from django.db import transaction
+from uplim.models import Pixel, CatalogSource
+
+import pandas as pd
+import healpy as hp
+import numpy as np
+from astropy.coordinates import SkyCoord
+
+from itertools import islice
+from datetime import datetime
+
+
+BATCH_SIZE = 900
+
+
+def batch(iterable, size):
+    iterable = iter(iterable)
+    while True:
+        chunk = list(islice(iterable, size))
+        if not chunk:
+            break
+        yield chunk
+
+
+class Command(BaseCommand):
+    help = "Set the 'contaminated' flag for all pixels based on the fluxes in the provided catalog."
+
+    # COMMAND LINE ARGUMENTS
+    # **********************
+
+    def add_arguments(self, parser):
+
+        parser.add_argument(
+            "--catalog", type=str, required=False, help="Path to the catalog.dat file"
+        )
+
+        # parser.add_argument(
+        #     '--survey',
+        #     type=int,
+        #     required=False,
+        #     help='integer number of the survey to set the flag for'
+        # )
+
+        parser.add_argument(
+            "--reset",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="Reset the contamination flag across all pixels back to False.",
+        )
+
+    def handle(self, *args, **options):
+
+        # RESET BEHAVIOR: SET CONTAMINATION FLAG TO FALSE FOR ALL PIXELS
+        # **************************************************************
+
+        if options["reset"]:
+
+            self.stdout.write("Resetting the contamination flag...")
+
+            Pixel.objects.update(contaminated=False)
+
+            self.stdout.write("Done")
+            return
+
+        if not options["catalog"]:
+            self.stdout.write("No catalog file provided, exiting")
+            return
+
+        catalog_file = options["catalog"]
+
+        self.stdout.write(f"Catalog file:\t{catalog_file}")
+
+        # READ THE CATALOG FILE USING PANDAS READ_FWF
+        # *******************************************
+
+        # Define column positions based on the byte ranges
+        colspecs = [
+            (0, 4),  # SrcID (1-4)
+            (5, 26),  # Name (6-26)
+            (27, 37),  # RAdeg (28-37)
+            (38, 48),  # DEdeg (39-48)
+            (49, 55),  # ePos (50-55)
+            (56, 63),  # Signi (57-63)
+            (64, 76),  # Flux (65-76)
+            (77, 89),  # e_Flux (78-89)
+            (90, 118),  # CName (91-118)
+            (119, 120),  # NewXray (120)
+            (121, 134),  # Type (122-134)
+        ]
+
+        # Define column names
+        colnames = [
+            "SrcID",
+            "Name",
+            "RAdeg",
+            "DEdeg",
+            "ePos",
+            "Signi",
+            "Flux",
+            "e_Flux",
+            "CName",
+            "NewXray",
+            "Type",
+        ]
+
+        # Read the file using the fixed-width format
+        catalog = pd.read_fwf(catalog_file, colspecs=colspecs, names=colnames)
+
+        for col in ["Name", "CName", "Type"]:
+            catalog[col] = catalog[col].fillna("")
+
+        self.stdout.write(str(catalog.head()))
+
+        # LOAD THE CATALOG INTO THE DATABASE
+        # **********************************
+
+        existing_srcids = set(CatalogSource.objects.values_list("srcid", flat=True))
+
+        to_create = []
+
+        for _, row in catalog.iterrows():
+
+            srcid = int(row["SrcID"])
+            if srcid in existing_srcids:
+                continue
+            to_create.append(
+                CatalogSource(
+                    srcid=srcid,
+                    name=row["Name"].strip(),
+                    ra_deg=float(row["RAdeg"]),
+                    dec_deg=float(row["DEdeg"]),
+                    pos_error=float(row["ePos"]),
+                    significance=float(row["Signi"]),
+                    flux=float(row["Flux"]),
+                    flux_error=float(row["e_Flux"]),
+                    catalog_name=row["CName"].strip(),
+                    new_xray=bool(int(row["NewXray"])),
+                    source_type=row["Type"].strip(),
+                )
+            )
+
+        if to_create:
+            self.stdout.write(f"Inserting {len(to_create)} new catalog rows.")
+            for chunk in batch(to_create, BATCH_SIZE):
+                CatalogSource.objects.bulk_create(chunk, ignore_conflicts=True)
+            self.stdout.write("Catalog update complete.")
+        else:
+            self.stdout.write("All catalog rows already exist in the database.")
+
+        # hard coded nside and flux-radius mapping
+        # maybe change
+
+        nside = 4096
+        npix = hp.nside2npix(nside)
+
+        # flux_bins = [0, 125, 250, 2000, 20000, np.inf]  # define bin edges
+        # mask_radii_deg = [
+        #     0.06,
+        #     0.15,
+        #     0.5,
+        #     0.9,
+        #     2.5,
+        # ]  # corresponding mask radii in degrees
+
+        # # Convert mask radii from degrees to radians (required by query_disc)
+        # mask_radii = [np.radians(r) for r in mask_radii_deg]
+
+        # # Use pandas.cut to assign each source a bin index (0, 1, or 2)
+        # catalog["flux_bin"] = pd.cut(catalog["Flux"], bins=flux_bins, labels=False)
+
+        flux_bins = [0, 125, 250, 2000, 20000, np.inf]
+        catalog["flux_bin"] = pd.cut(catalog["Flux"], bins=flux_bins, labels=False)
+
+        bin_to_radius_deg = {
+            0: 0.06,
+            1: 0.15,
+            2: 0.5,
+            3: 0.9,
+            4: 2.5,
+        }
+
+        catalog["mask_radius_deg"] = catalog["flux_bin"].map(bin_to_radius_deg)
+
+        # manually add and change some sources
+        # manual_additions = pd.DataFrame(
+        #     [
+        #         {"RAdeg": 279.9804336, "DEdeg": 5.0669542, "flux_bin": 3},
+        #         {"RAdeg": 266.5173685, "DEdeg": -29.1252321, "flux_bin": 3},
+        #         {
+        #             "RAdeg": 194.9350000,
+        #             "DEdeg": 27.9124722,
+        #             "flux_bin": 4,
+        #         },  # Coma Cluster, 2.5 degrees
+        #         {
+        #             "RAdeg": 187.6991667,
+        #             "DEdeg": 12.3852778,
+        #             "flux_bin": 4,
+        #         },  # Virgo cluster, 2.5 degrees
+        #     ]
+        # )
+
+        # catalog = pd.concat([catalog, manual_additions], ignore_index=True)
+
+        # catalog.loc[catalog["SrcID"] == 1101, "flux_bin"] = 2
+
+        manual_additions = pd.DataFrame(
+            [
+                {
+                    "RAdeg": 279.9804336,
+                    "DEdeg": 5.0669542,
+                    "mask_radius_deg": 0.9,
+                },
+                {"RAdeg": 266.5173685, "DEdeg": -29.1252321, "mask_radius_deg": 0.9},
+                {
+                    "RAdeg": 194.9350000,
+                    "DEdeg": 27.9124722,
+                    "mask_radius_deg": 1.17,
+                },  # Coma, 70 arcmin radius
+                {
+                    "RAdeg": 187.6991667,
+                    "DEdeg": 12.3852778,
+                    "mask_radius_deg": 2.5,
+                },  # Virgo, 2.5 deg radius
+            ]
+        )
+        catalog = pd.concat([catalog, manual_additions], ignore_index=True)
+
+        catalog.loc[catalog["SrcID"] == 1101, "mask_radius_deg"] = 0.5  # e.g. override
+
+        mask_array = np.ones(npix, dtype=bool)
+
+        masked_pixels_set = set()
+
+        self.stdout.write("\nCreating a list of contaminated pixels...")
+
+        # process each source in the catalog
+        for _, row in catalog.iterrows():
+
+            ra = row["RAdeg"]
+            dec = row["DEdeg"]
+
+            src_coord = SkyCoord(ra, dec, unit="deg", frame="icrs")
+            gal = src_coord.galactic
+
+            ra, dec = gal.l.deg, gal.b.deg
+
+            # flux_bin = row["flux_bin"]  # 0, 1, or 2
+            # # Get the corresponding mask radius (in radians) for this flux bin
+            # radius = mask_radii[flux_bin]
+
+            # Convert (ra, dec) to HEALPix spherical coordinates
+            theta = np.radians(90.0 - dec)
+            phi = np.radians(ra)
+            vec = hp.ang2vec(theta, phi)
+
+            # # Query all pixels within the given radius
+            # # 'inclusive=True' makes sure pixels on the edge are included
+            # pix_indices = hp.query_disc(nside, vec, radius, inclusive=True)
+
+            # read the explicit per-source radius in degrees, convert to radians:
+            radius_deg = row["mask_radius_deg"]
+            radius = np.radians(radius_deg)
+
+            # now query:
+            pix_indices = hp.query_disc(nside, vec, radius, inclusive=True)
+
+            # Mark these pixels as bad (False) in our mask
+            mask_array[pix_indices] = False
+            # Add the pixel indices to our set of masked pixels
+            masked_pixels_set.update(pix_indices)
+
+        # Convert the set of masked pixels to a sorted list.
+        masked_pixels_list = sorted(list(masked_pixels_set))
+
+        # print("Number of masked pixels:", len(masked_pixels_list))
+
+        self.stdout.write("\nList ready, updating the database...")
+
+        if not masked_pixels_list:
+            self.stdout.write("No pixels marked as contaminated, exiting.")
+            return
+
+        total = len(masked_pixels_list)
+        updated = 0
+        self.stdout.write(f"\nUpdating contaminated flag in batches of {BATCH_SIZE}")
+
+        for chunk in batch(masked_pixels_list, BATCH_SIZE):
+            with transaction.atomic():
+                Pixel.objects.filter(hpid__in=chunk).update(contaminated=True)
+
+            updated += len(chunk)
+            percentage = updated / total * 100
+
+            timestamp = datetime.now().strftime("%H:%M:%S")
+            self.stdout.write(
+                f"[{timestamp}] {updated}/{total} ({percentage:.1f}%) updated"
+            )
+
+        self.stdout.write(f"\n Marked {updated} pixels as contaminated.")

models.py

@@ -4,46 +4,47 @@ from django.db import models
 from django.db.models import UniqueConstraint
 
 
-
-
-class Survey(models.Model):
-    
-    number = models.IntegerField(unique=True)
-    
-    # nside = models.IntegerField(
-    #     default=4096
-    # )
-    
-    def __str__(self):
-        return f"Survey {self.number} of NSIDE {self.nside}"
-
-
-
-
-
 class Pixel(models.Model):
 
-    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
+    # id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) # ~200 million pixels for a 4096 survey
+    # no need to set explicitly
+    # WILL ONLY HOLD 10 SURVEYS AS AN AUTOFIELD (IntegerField, ~2 billion limit)
+    # BIGAUTOFIELD WILL BE REQUIRED FOR MORE!
 
-    survey = models.ForeignKey(
-        Survey,
-        on_delete=models.CASCADE,
-        related_name='pixels',
-        default=0
-    )
+    survey = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField()
 
-    hpid = models.IntegerField(db_index=True)
+    hpid = models.IntegerField(db_index=True)  # up to over 200 million
 
-    counts = models.IntegerField()
+    counts = models.IntegerField()  # f4, up to ~44k integer: 2 byte too small
 
-    exposure = models.FloatField()
+    exposure = models.FloatField()  # f4, up to ~13300 float
 
     contaminated = models.BooleanField(default=False)
 
-    class Meta:
-        constraints = [
-            UniqueConstraint(fields=['survey', 'hpid'], name='unique_hpid_per_survey'),
-        ]
-    
     def __str__(self):
-        return f"Pixel {self.id} (Survey {self.survey.number})"
+        return f"Pixel {self.id} hpid {self.hpid} (Survey {self.survey.number})"
+
+
+class CatalogSource(models.Model):
+
+    srcid = models.SmallIntegerField(primary_key=True)
+
+    name = models.CharField(max_length=21)
+
+    ra_deg = models.FloatField()
+
+    dec_deg = models.FloatField()
+
+    pos_error = models.FloatField()
+
+    significance = models.FloatField()
+
+    flux = models.FloatField()
+
+    flux_error = models.FloatField()
+
+    catalog_name = models.CharField(max_length=28)
+
+    new_xray = models.BooleanField(default=False)
+
+    source_type = models.CharField(max_length=13)

requirements.txt

@@ -2,5 +2,6 @@ astropy
 numpy
 healpy
 scipy
+mpmath
 django
 djangorestframework

serializers.py

@@ -1,8 +1,3 @@
 # uplim/serializers.py
 from rest_framework import serializers
 from uplim.models import Pixel
-
-# class PixelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
-#     class Meta:
-#         model = Pixel
-#         fields = ('hpid', 'counts', 'exposure', 'contaminated')

urls.py

@@ -5,6 +5,6 @@ from .views import PixelAggregateView, UpperLimitView #, PixelDetailView
 
 urlpatterns = [
     # path('pixel/<int:hpid>/', PixelDetailView.as_view(), name='pixel-detail'),
-    path('pixel-aggregate/', PixelAggregateView.as_view(), name='pixel-aggregate'),
-    path('upper-limit/', UpperLimitView.as_view(), name='upper-limit'),
+    path("pixel-aggregate/", PixelAggregateView.as_view(), name="pixel-aggregate"),
+    path("upper-limit/", UpperLimitView.as_view(), name="upper-limit"),
 ]

views.py

@@ -4,20 +4,49 @@
 #                                     search for pixels non-inclusively
 import healpy as hp
 import astropy.units as u
-from astropy.coordinates import SkyCoord
-
+import numpy as np
 import scipy.special as sp
+
+from astropy.coordinates import SkyCoord, Angle
 from astropy.stats import poisson_conf_interval
 
-from django.db.models import Sum
+from collections import defaultdict
+
+from django.db.models import (
+    Max,
+    Sum,
+    F,
+    IntegerField,
+    BooleanField,
+    ExpressionWrapper,
+    Case,
+    When,
+    Value,
+)
+from django.db.models.functions import Cast
+from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
 from rest_framework.views import APIView
 from rest_framework.response import Response
 from rest_framework import status
+from uplim.models import Pixel, CatalogSource
 
-from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
+# SANITIZE RESPONSE DATA BEFORE JSON CONVERSION FOR DEBUGGING NANS
+# now NaNs are converted to 'null' beforehand
+# ****************************************************************
 
-from uplim.models import Pixel
 
+def sanitize(obj):
+    if isinstance(obj, dict):
+        return {k: sanitize(v) for k, v in obj.items()}
+    if isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)):
+        return [sanitize(v) for v in obj]
+    # handle numpy scalars
+    if isinstance(obj, np.generic):
+        v = obj.item()
+        return None if (np.isnan(v) or np.isinf(v)) else v
+    if isinstance(obj, float):
+        return None if (np.isnan(obj) or np.isinf(obj)) else obj
+    return obj
 
 
 # SURVEY PARAMETER PARSER
@@ -35,10 +64,11 @@ def parse_survey_param(raw):
     return sorted(surveys)
 
 
-
 # PIXEL VIEW (MOSTLY FOR TESTING)
+# add healpix indices into the output
 # **************************************************************
 
+
 class PixelAggregateView(APIView):
 
     def get(self, request):
@@ -52,7 +82,7 @@ class PixelAggregateView(APIView):
         if raw_pixel is None or raw_survey is None:
             return Response(
                 {"detail": "Both `pixel` and `survey` parameters are required."},
-                status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST
+                status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST,
             )
 
         # FILTER THE INPUTS
@@ -62,7 +92,7 @@ class PixelAggregateView(APIView):
         except ValueError:
             return Response(
                 {"detail": "`pixel` must be an integer."},
-                status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST
+                status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST,
             )
 
         try:
@@ -70,50 +100,33 @@ class PixelAggregateView(APIView):
         except ValueError:
             return Response(
                 {"detail": "Malformed `survey`; use N, N,M or N-M formats."},
-                status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST
+                status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST,
             )
 
         # FILTER AND AGGREGATE
         # **************************************************************
-        qs = Pixel.objects.filter(
-            hpid=hpid,
-            survey__number__in=survey_numbers
-        )
+        qs = Pixel.objects.filter(hpid=hpid, survey__in=survey_numbers)
+
         if not qs.exists():
             # no matching pixel(s) → 404
-            get_object_or_404(Pixel, hpid=hpid, survey__number__in=survey_numbers)
+            get_object_or_404(Pixel, hpid=hpid, survey__in=survey_numbers)
 
-        result = qs.aggregate(
+        aggregates = qs.aggregate(
+            # pixel_hpid=hpid,
+            # survey_number=survey_numbers,
             total_counts=Sum("counts"),
-            total_exposure=Sum("exposure")
+            total_exposure=Sum("exposure"),
         )
 
+        plusdata = {"pixel_hpid": hpid, "surveys": survey_numbers}
+
+        result = {**aggregates, **plusdata}
+
         # RETURN THE SUMS
         # **************************************************************
         return Response(result, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)
 
 
-
-
-
-# class PixelDetailView(APIView):
-#     """
-#     API endpoint that returns the pixel data (counts, exposure, rate)
-#     for a given hpid.
-#     """
-#     def get(self, request, hpid):
-#         # Get the survey using the survey_number field.
-#         # survey = get_object_or_404(Survey, number=survey_number)
-        
-#         # Get the pixel corresponding to the survey and hpid.
-#         pixel = get_object_or_404(Pixel, hpid=hpid)
-        
-#         # Serialize the pixel data to JSON.
-#         serializer = PixelSerializer(pixel)
-#         return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)
-
-
-
 # UPPER LIMIT COMPUTATION VIEW
 # **************************************************************
 
@@ -122,50 +135,37 @@ class UpperLimitView(APIView):
     """
     Calculate confidence bounds based on aperture photometry using classic and bayesian methods
     """
+
     def get(self, request):
 
         # GET PARAMETERS FROM THE REQUEST
         # **************************************************************
 
         try:
-            ra = float(request.query_params.get('ra'))
-            dec = float(request.query_params.get('dec'))
-            confidence_level = float(request.query_params.get('cl'))
+            ra = float(request.query_params.get("ra"))
+            dec = float(request.query_params.get("dec"))
+            confidence_level = float(request.query_params.get("cl"))
         except (TypeError, ValueError):
             return Response(
                 {"error": "Invalud parameters, provide RA, DEC, and CL"},
-                status = status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST
+                status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST,
             )
-        #  ── NEW: pull & parse survey selection ──
-        raw_survey = request.query_params.get('survey')
+        # pull & parse survey selection
+        raw_survey = request.query_params.get("survey")
         if raw_survey is None:
             return Response(
                 {"error": "Missing required `survey` parameter (e.g. ?survey=1,3-5)"},
-                status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST
+                status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST,
             )
         try:
             survey_numbers = parse_survey_param(raw_survey)
         except ValueError:
             return Response(
                 {"error": "Malformed `survey`; use formats like 1, 2-5, or 1,3-4"},
-            status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST
+                status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST,
             )
 
-        # hp = HEALPix(
-        #     nside = 4096,
-        #     order = 'ring',
-        #     frame = 'icrs'
-        # )
-        
-        # CREATE SKYCOORD, CONVERT TO GALACTIC BECAUSE THE HEALPIX
-        # MAP ITSELF WAS MADE IN GALACTIC COORDINATES
-        # **************************************************************
-        
-        src_coord = SkyCoord(
-            ra, dec, unit = 'deg', frame = 'icrs'
-        )
-        gal = src_coord.galactic
-        src_vec = hp.ang2vec(gal.l.deg, gal.b.deg, lonlat = True)
+        map_radius_value = request.query_params.get("mr")
 
         # DEFINE APERTURE AND ANNULUS RADII
         # **************************************************************
@@ -173,8 +173,16 @@ class UpperLimitView(APIView):
         aperture_radius = 71  # radius of the aperture in arc seconds
         # HPD ~48 arcseconds
         # 90% ~100 arcseconds
-        annulus_inner = 142 # 2 * aperture_radius
-        annulus_outer = 284 # 4 * aperture_radius
+        annulus_inner = 213  # 3 * aperture_radius
+        annulus_outer = 355  # 5 * aperture_radius
+
+        # CREATE SKYCOORD, CONVERT TO GALACTIC BECAUSE THE HEALPIX
+        # MAP ITSELF WAS MADE IN GALACTIC COORDINATES
+        # **************************************************************
+
+        src_coord = SkyCoord(ra, dec, unit="deg", frame="icrs")
+        gal = src_coord.galactic
+        src_vec = hp.ang2vec(gal.l.deg, gal.b.deg, lonlat=True)
 
         # FETCH PIXEL DATA DEFINED VIA HP.QUERY_DISC (INCLUSIVE=FALSE)
         # **************************************************************
@@ -184,7 +192,7 @@ class UpperLimitView(APIView):
             vec=src_vec,
             inclusive=False,
             nest=False,
-            radius = (aperture_radius * u.arcsecond).to(u.radian).value
+            radius=(aperture_radius * u.arcsecond).to(u.radian).value,
         )
 
         inner_pixel_list = hp.query_disc(
@@ -192,7 +200,7 @@ class UpperLimitView(APIView):
             vec=src_vec,
             inclusive=False,
             nest=False,
-            radius = (annulus_inner * u.arcsecond).to(u.radian).value
+            radius=(annulus_inner * u.arcsecond).to(u.radian).value,
         )
 
         outer_pixel_list = hp.query_disc(
@@ -200,36 +208,41 @@ class UpperLimitView(APIView):
             vec=src_vec,
             inclusive=False,
             nest=False,
-            radius = (annulus_outer * u.arcsecond).to(u.radian).value
+            radius=(annulus_outer * u.arcsecond).to(u.radian).value,
         )
 
-        
         annulus_pixel_list = [
             item for item in outer_pixel_list if item not in inner_pixel_list
         ]
 
-                
         source_pixels = Pixel.objects.filter(
-            hpid__in = source_pixel_list,
-            survey__number__in = survey_numbers
+            hpid__in=source_pixel_list, survey__in=survey_numbers
         )
 
         annulus_pixels = Pixel.objects.filter(
-            hpid__in = annulus_pixel_list,
-            survey__number__in = survey_numbers
+            hpid__in=annulus_pixel_list, survey__in=survey_numbers
         )
 
-        if not source_pixels.exists() and not annulus_pixels.exists():
-            return Response(
-                {"detail": "No pixel data for the given survey selection."},
-                status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
+        # check contamination
+        contamination = (
+            source_pixels.filter(contaminated=True).exists()
+            or annulus_pixels.filter(contaminated=True).exists()
         )
 
+        # exclude contaminated pixels from the background and source regions
+        annulus_pixels = annulus_pixels.exclude(contaminated=True)
+        # source_pixels = source_pixels.exclude(contaminated=True)
 
+        status_int = 0
+        error_message = ""
+
+        if not source_pixels.exists() or not annulus_pixels.exists():
+            status_int = 1  # status 1 if there are no source or bg pixels
 
         # COMPUTE COUNTS, BACKGROUND ESTIMATE, EXPOSURE
         # **************************************************************
-        
+        try:
+            # summing counts across all surveys
             N = sum(obj.counts for obj in source_pixels)
 
             Nnpix = len(source_pixels)
@@ -240,50 +253,83 @@ class UpperLimitView(APIView):
 
             B = Bcounts / Bnpix * Nnpix
 
-        tsum = sum(obj.exposure for obj in source_pixels)
+            # create a dict of exposures keyed by survey
+            t_by_survey = defaultdict(list)
 
-        t = tsum / Nnpix
+            for pixel in source_pixels:
+                t_by_survey[pixel.survey].append(pixel.exposure)
+
+            # create and populate a list of average exposures per survey
+            survey_averages = []
+
+            for survey_id, exposures in t_by_survey.items():
+                average_exposure = sum(exposures) / len(exposures)
+                survey_averages.append(average_exposure)
+
+            # sum them up across surveys
+            t = sum(survey_averages)
 
             # CONSTANTS
             # **************************************************************
 
-        EEF = .9      # eclosed energy fraction, .5 for hpd, .9 for w90
-        ECF = 4e-11   # energy conversion factor
-        
+            # EEF = .9      # eclosed energy fraction, .5 for hpd, .9 for w90
+            # ECF = 4e-11   # energy conversion factor
 
+            EEF = 0.80091  # use values from the paper
+            ECF = 3.3423184e-11
 
             # BAYESIAN IMPLEMENTATION VIA POISSON_CONF_INTERVAL
             # **************************************************************
 
+            # double sided interval
             low, high = poisson_conf_interval(
                 n=N,
                 background=B,
-            interval = 'kraft-burrows-nousek', 
-            confidence_level=confidence_level
+                interval="kraft-burrows-nousek",
+                confidence_level=confidence_level,
             )
 
-        bayesian_count_ul = high
-        bayesian_count_ll = low
+            # because poisson_conf_interval returns lists
+            bayesian_count_ul = high[0]
+            bayesian_count_ll = low[0]
+
+            bayesian_count_UL = (
+                sp.gammaincinv(
+                    N + 1,
+                    confidence_level * sp.gammaincc(N + 1, B) + sp.gammainc(N + 1, B),
+                )
+                - B
+            )
 
             bayesian_rate_ul = bayesian_count_ul / t / EEF  # count rate limits
             bayesian_rate_ll = bayesian_count_ll / t / EEF
+            bayesian_rate_UL = bayesian_count_UL / t / EEF
 
             bayesian_flux_ul = bayesian_rate_ul * ECF  # flux limits
             bayesian_flux_ll = bayesian_rate_ll * ECF
+            bayesian_flux_UL = bayesian_rate_UL * ECF
 
             # CLASSICAL IMPLEMENTATION VIA GAMMAINCCINV
             # ****************************************************************
 
-        classic_count_ul = sp.gammainccinv(N+1, 1 - confidence_level) - B
-        classic_count_ll = sp.gammainccinv(N, confidence_level) - B
+            # confidence level for the double sided interval
+            cl2 = (1 + confidence_level) / 2
+            # double sided interval
+            classic_count_ul = sp.gammainccinv(N + 1, 1 - cl2) - B
+            classic_count_ll = sp.gammainccinv(N, cl2) - B
+            # one sided interval
+            classic_count_UL = sp.gammainccinv(N + 1, 1 - confidence_level) - B
 
-        classic_count_ll = max(classic_count_ll, 0)        
+            if not np.isfinite(classic_count_ll) or classic_count_ll < 0:
+                classic_count_ll = 0.0
 
             classic_rate_ul = classic_count_ul / t / EEF  # count rate limits
             classic_rate_ll = classic_count_ll / t / EEF
+            classic_rate_UL = classic_count_UL / t / EEF
 
             classic_flux_ul = classic_rate_ul * ECF  # flux limits
             classic_flux_ll = classic_rate_ll * ECF
+            classic_flux_UL = classic_rate_UL * ECF
 
             # FLUX ESTIMATION
             # ****************************************************************
@@ -291,37 +337,224 @@ class UpperLimitView(APIView):
             S = N - B  # counts as simply counts within aperture
             # with the background estimate subtracted
 
-        CR = S / t / EEF     # count rate
+            CR = S / t / EEF  # source count rate
+
+            BR = B / t  # background rate within aperture
 
             FL = CR * ECF  # conversion to flux
 
             Flux = max(FL, 0)  # flux cannot be lower than zero
 
+            # NORMALIZED BACKGROUND RATE
+            # ****************************************************************
+            # in units of ct/s/keV/arcmin^2
 
-        return Response({
+            sr_to_arcmin2 = (180 / np.pi * 60) ** 2
 
-            'ClassicUpperLimit' : classic_count_ul,
-            'ClassicLowerLimit' : classic_count_ll,
-            'ClassicCountRateUpperLimit' : classic_rate_ul,
-            'ClassicCountRateLowerLimit' : classic_rate_ll,
-            'ClassicFluxUpperLimit' : classic_flux_ul,
-            'ClassicFluxLowerLimit' : classic_flux_ll,
+            pix_area = (
+                hp.nside2pixarea(nside=4096) * sr_to_arcmin2
+            )  # nside2pixarea yields area in sr
 
-            'BayesianUpperLimit' : bayesian_count_ul,
-            'BayesianLowerLimit' : bayesian_count_ll,
-            'BayesianCountRateUpperLimit' : bayesian_rate_ul,
-            'BayesianCountRateLowerLimit' : bayesian_rate_ll,
-            'BayesianFluxUpperLimit' : bayesian_flux_ul,
-            'BayesianFluxLowerLimit' : bayesian_flux_ll,
+            bg_area = pix_area * Bnpix  # get total bg region area
 
-            'FluxEstimate' : Flux,
+            en_range = 12 - 4
 
-            # 'N' : N,
-            # 'Nnpix' : Nnpix,
-            # 'Bcounts' : Bcounts,
-            # 'Bnpix' : Bnpix,
-            # 'B' : B,
-            # 'tsum' : tsum,
-            # 't' : t
+            NBR = Bcounts / t / en_range / bg_area
 
-        }, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)
+        # handle exceptions: write error text to the response
+        # zero out all math results
+        except Exception as e:
+
+            error_message = str(e)
+
+            N = Nnpix = Bcounts = Bnpix = B = t = S = CR = BR = 0.0
+            Flux = 0.0
+            classic_count_ul = classic_count_ll = classic_count_UL = 0.0
+            classic_rate_ul = classic_rate_ll = classic_rate_UL = 0.0
+            classic_flux_ul = classic_flux_ll = classic_flux_UL = 0.0
+            bayesian_count_ul = bayesian_count_ll = bayesian_count_UL = 0.0
+            bayesian_rate_ul = bayesian_rate_ll = bayesian_rate_UL = 0.0
+            bayesian_flux_ul = bayesian_flux_ll = bayesian_flux_UL = 0.0
+
+        # NEARBY SOURCES CHECK
+        # ****************************************************************
+
+        # if map_radius == 0:
+        #     radius_as = 5 * aperture_radius
+        # else:
+        #     radius_as = map_radius * 2
+
+        radius_deg = 3  # radius_as / 3600
+
+        dec_min = max(dec - radius_deg, -90)
+        dec_max = min(dec + radius_deg, 90)
+
+        # cheap belt query
+        belt_sources = CatalogSource.objects.filter(
+            dec_deg__gte=dec_min, dec_deg__lte=dec_max
+        )
+
+        center_coord = SkyCoord(ra, dec, unit="deg")
+
+        nearby_sources = []
+
+        radius_map = {0: 0.06, 125: 0.15, 250: 0.5, 2000: 0.9, 20000: 2.5}
+
+        sorted_bounds = sorted(radius_map.keys())
+
+        # refine belt to circular region using astropy separation
+        for catsrc in belt_sources:
+            catsrc_coord = SkyCoord(catsrc.ra_deg, catsrc.dec_deg, unit="deg")
+            separation = center_coord.separation(catsrc_coord)
+            if separation.deg > radius_deg:
+                continue
+            f = catsrc.flux or 0.0
+            for lb in reversed(sorted_bounds):
+                if f >= lb:
+                    mask_radius = radius_map[lb] * 3600
+                    break
+
+            nearby_sources.append(
+                {
+                    "srcid": catsrc.srcid,
+                    "name": catsrc.name,
+                    "ra_deg": catsrc.ra_deg,
+                    "dec_deg": catsrc.dec_deg,
+                    "pos_error": catsrc.pos_error,
+                    "significance": catsrc.significance,
+                    "flux": catsrc.flux,
+                    "flux_error": catsrc.flux_error,
+                    "catalog_name": catsrc.catalog_name,
+                    "new_xray": catsrc.new_xray,
+                    "source_type": catsrc.source_type,
+                    "mask_radius_as": mask_radius,
+                    "separation_as": separation.arcsecond,
+                }
+            )
+        nearby_sources.sort(key=lambda src: src["separation_as"])
+        # REGION IMAGE SERVING
+        # ****************************************************************
+
+        # default value if not specified in the query
+        # get hpids within a circle of radius sqrt(2) * outer annulus radius
+        if map_radius_value is None:
+            map_radius = annulus_outer * np.sqrt(2)
+        else:
+            map_radius = float(map_radius_value)
+
+        map_pixel_list = hp.query_disc(
+            nside=4096,
+            vec=src_vec,
+            inclusive=False,
+            nest=False,
+            radius=(map_radius * u.arcsecond).to(u.radian).value,
+        )
+
+        # fetch those pixels for the requested surveys
+        # summing counts and sorting by hpid
+
+        map_pixels_qs = (
+            Pixel.objects.filter(hpid__in=map_pixel_list, survey__in=survey_numbers)
+            .values("hpid")
+            .annotate(counts=Sum("counts"))
+            .order_by("hpid")
+        )
+
+        # map_pixels_qs = (
+        #     Pixel.objects.filter(hpid__in=map_pixel_list, survey__in=survey_numbers)
+        #     .values("hpid")
+        #     .annotate(
+        #         total_counts=Sum("counts"),
+        #         max_contaminated_int=Max(Cast("contaminated", IntegerField())),
+        #     )
+        #     .annotate(
+        #         contaminated=Case(
+        #             When(max_contaminated_int=1, then=Value(True)),
+        #             default=Value(False),
+        #             output_field=BooleanField(),
+        #         )
+        #     )
+        #     .order_by("hpid")
+        # )
+
+        # turn the queryset to a list
+        map_pixels_list = list(map_pixels_qs)
+
+        # get lists of healpix indices and count values
+        map_healpix_list = [d["hpid"] for d in map_pixels_list]
+        map_counts_list = [d["counts"] for d in map_pixels_list]
+        # map_contaminated_list = [d["contaminated"] for d in map_pixels_list]
+
+        # cont_dict = dict(
+        #     Pixel.objects.filter(hpid__in=map_healpix_list, survey__in=survey_numbers)
+        #     .values_list("hpid", "contaminated")
+        #     .distinct()
+        # )
+
+        # map_contaminated_list = [cont_dict[h] for h in map_healpix_list]
+
+        # set map nside
+        map_nside = 4096
+
+        # set map order
+        map_order = "ring"
+
+        # assemble the result dict
+        map_dict = {
+            "healpix": map_healpix_list,
+            "counts": map_counts_list,
+            # "contaminated": map_contaminated_list,
+            "nside": map_nside,
+            "order": map_order,
+            "radius_as": map_radius,
+        }
+
+        # RESULT JSON
+        # ****************************************************************
+
+        result = {
+            "Status": status_int,
+            # 0 OK
+            # 1 either source or bg pixels missing
+            "ErrorMessage": error_message,
+            # frequentist limits
+            "ClassicUpperLimit": classic_count_ul,
+            "ClassicLowerLimit": classic_count_ll,
+            "ClassicOneSideUL": classic_count_UL,
+            "ClassicCountRateUpperLimit": classic_rate_ul,
+            "ClassicCountRateLowerLimit": classic_rate_ll,
+            "ClassicCountRateOneSideUL": classic_rate_UL,
+            "ClassicFluxUpperLimit": classic_flux_ul,
+            "ClassicFluxLowerLimit": classic_flux_ll,
+            "ClassicFluxOneSideUL": classic_flux_UL,
+            # bayesian limits
+            "BayesianUpperLimit": bayesian_count_ul,
+            "BayesianLowerLimit": bayesian_count_ll,
+            "BayesianOneSideUL": bayesian_count_UL,
+            "BayesianCountRateUpperLimit": bayesian_rate_ul,
+            "BayesianCountRateLowerLimit": bayesian_rate_ll,
+            "BayesianCountRateOneSideUL": bayesian_rate_UL,
+            "BayesianFluxUpperLimit": bayesian_flux_ul,
+            "BayesianFluxLowerLimit": bayesian_flux_ll,
+            "BayesianFluxOneSideUL": bayesian_flux_UL,
+            # flux 'center value' estimate
+            "FluxEstimate": Flux,
+            # raw data
+            "ApertureCounts": N,
+            "ApertureBackgroundCounts": B,
+            "SourceCounts": S,
+            "Exposure": t,
+            # count rates
+            "SourceRate": CR,
+            "BackgroundRate": BR,
+            "NormalizedBackgroundRate": NBR,  # ct/s/keV/arcmin2
+            # contamination
+            "Contamination": contamination,
+            "NearbySources": nearby_sources,
+            # count map for the frontend image
+            "CountMap": map_dict,
+        }
+
+        clean = sanitize(result)  # calling sanitize() to convert NaN to null
+
+        return Response(clean, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)